二次孔挤压强化对Ti1023钛合金孔疲劳性能影响

采用X射线应力仪、粗糙度检测仪和透射电镜等对Ti1023钛合金孔挤压表面层性能进行对比分析,讨论带衬套孔的强化机理。结果表明：孔挤压(过盈量1%~3%)强化改善了孔壁表面粗糙度( Ra 从1.722μm降低到了0.349μm),增加了钛合金表面硬度(Hv值从32提高到了38),引入了残余应力场分布,从而改善了钛合金的微动疲劳性能(极限值从385 MPa提高到了619 MPa)。     

难加工材料精密孔高效珩磨技术研究进展

珩磨技术凭借加工精度高、材料去除率大的优势,广泛应用于精密孔加工.航空发动机广泛采用高温合金、钛合金、不锈钢等航空难加工材料,其难加工性降低了珩磨加工的材料去除及误差修正能力,限制了珩磨工艺在航空发动机精密孔加工中的进一步应用.为突破难加工材料珩磨工艺瓶颈,对难加工材料珩磨工艺特性进行分析,并以高效精密珩磨工艺及工具为切入点,归纳了航空难加工材料精密孔高效珩磨技术现状,并对其发展趋势进行了预测.     

孔强化对7050铝合金残余应力分布的影响

采用开缝衬套冷挤压工艺对飞机用7050铝合金进行挤压强化,针对不同挤压量及铰削量对孔边残余应力分布的影响进行对比,分析得到挤压量及铰削量与残余应力分布的关系.研究表明:采用冷挤压孔强化技术可以改善孔边应力分布,形成有利的残余压应力层.强化后铰孔会减弱残余压应力,对于φ6mm孔铰削量应控制在0.16mm范围内.残余压应力随强化量的增加而增大,5％的挤压量残余压应力值最大达到-276MPa.     

旋转帽罩表面积冰甩脱位置的数值模拟

为了更好地理解旋转帽罩表面积冰的甩脱机理和过程,采用水杯法在万能试验机上分别测得积冰/铝板界面黏附强度值和积冰内部拉伸强度值。参考试验测得的这2个数据,结合内聚力模型（CZM）和扩展有限元法（X-FEM）,在有限元软件ANSYS中分别模拟得到积冰与旋转帽罩之间的界面分离区域和冰形内部裂纹路径及其扩展过程,对旋转帽罩表面积冰甩脱的位置和体积作出预测。预测结果与帽罩表面积冰甩脱试验结果作比较,证明了CZM和X-FEM耦合的数值模拟方法可行。为实际工程应用中的热气或者电防冰系统的布置提供参考。     

Solar wind origins in coronal holes and in the quiet Sun

Coronal hole (CH) and the quiet Sun (QS) are considered to account for sources of fast and slow solar wind streams, respectively. The differences between the solar wind streams flowing out from the CH and the QS are thought to be related with different plasma generation and acceleration mechanisms in the respective source regions. Here we review recent studies on the solar wind origin in the CH and the QS, compare the possible flow geometries and magnetic structures in these two kinds of solar regions, and summarize the physics associated with two different origin scenarios.     

UG二次开发在波纹管设计中的应用

波纹管是液体火箭发动机摇摆环节的一个重要部件,各型号发动机的波纹管尺寸参数不尽相同,为便于快速进行波纹管建模,提出了一种利用UG二次开发技术的参数化建模方法。通过对波纹管几何参数进行分析,确定出波纹管三维建模的思路,再利用UG二次开发工具,实现波纹管参数化建模。着重研究了UG二次开发中利用VC的MFC方法和步骤、菜单定制与设计技术。开发的交互式波纹管设计程序可有效地实现波纹管的参数化三维建模,节省设计人员的大量时间。     

Some experimental progresses in the study of self-rewetting fluids for the SELENE experiment to be carried in the Thermal Platform 1 hardware

SELENE (SELf-rewetting fluids for thermal ENErgy management) is a microgravity experiment proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the Announcement of Opportunities for Physical Sciences. Main objectives of the microgravity research onboard the International Space Station (ISS) include the quantitative investigation of heat transfer performances in model heat pipes and validation of adequate theoretical and numerical models. In particular the research is focused on “self-rewetting fluids”, i.e. fluid mixtures with unusual surface tension properties. This article summarizes preliminary ground-based research activities in preparation of the microgravity experiments. They include: (1) thermophysical properties measurements; (2) study of thermo-soluto-capillary effects in micro-channels; (3) numerical modeling; (4) measurements with optical (e.g. interferometric) and intrusive techniques; (5) surface tension-driven effects and thermal performances test on different capillary structures and heat pipes; and (6) breadboards development and support to definition of scientific requirements.     

Testing the no-hair theorem with observations of black holes in the electromagnetic spectrum

According to the no-hair theorem, astrophysical black holes are uniquely described by their mass and spin. In this paper, we review a new framework for testing the no-hair hypothesis with observations in the electromagnetic spectrum. The approach is formulated in terms of a Kerr-like spacetime containing a quadrupole moment that is independent of both mass and spin. If the no-hair theorem is correct, then any deviation from the Kerr metric quadrupole has to be zero. We show how upcoming VLBI imaging observations of Sgr A∗ as well as spectroscopic observations of iron lines from accreting black holes with IXO may lead to the first astrophysical test of the no-hair theorem.     

Short term topological changes of coronal holes associated with prominence eruptions and subsequent CMEs

We study the short-term topological changes of equatorial and polar coronal hole (CH) boundaries, such as a variation of their area and disintegration, associated to reconnection with nearby (within 15° distance) quiescent prominence magnetic fields leading to eruptions and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The examples presented here correspond to the recent solar minimum years 2008 and 2009. We consider a temporal window of one day between the CH topological changes and the start and end times of prominence eruptions and onset of CMEs. To establish this association we took into account observational conditions related to the instability of prominence/filaments, the occurrence of a CME, as well as the subsequent evolution after the CME. We found an association between short-term local topological changes in CH boundaries and the formation/disappearance of bright points near them, as well as, between short-term topological changes within the whole CH and eruptions of nearby quiescent prominences followed by the appearance of one or more CMEs.     

射流角度对姊妹孔气膜冷却效果影响实验研究

为了分析主孔与侧孔射流角度对逆向射流姊妹孔平板模型气膜冷却效率影响,采用压力敏感漆(PSP)技术对单孔顺流与5种姊妹孔在四种吹风比(BR)下的绝热气膜冷却效率进行研究。结果表明姊妹孔在所有吹风比下气膜冷却效果均优于单个圆孔正向射流。低吹风比(BR=0.5)时,姊妹孔气膜冷却效果相近,但顺流姊妹孔气膜冷却效果最佳;中吹风比(BR=1)、高吹风比(BR=1.5,2)下,侧孔顺流的逆向射流姊妹孔气膜冷却效果最佳,相比于单孔射流的面平均气膜冷却效率可提高366%,677%,727%。逆向射流可令姊妹孔获得更高的气膜覆盖率,具有复合角度的侧孔射流可在低、中吹风比下增加逆流姊妹孔的展向气膜覆盖率,但在高吹风比下,对姊妹孔下游流向气膜冷却效果产生较差影响。